Tuesday, 15 January 2019

Satellite technology - data networks in the sky


InBroadcast

Innovations in technology, services and in the wider ecosystem will combine to continue to make satellite connectivity relevant in the communications sector well into the 2020s and beyond.

 p30 Jan 2019

The data demands of the world, including the impending explosion of the Internet of Things communications, won’t be handled by terrestrial infrastructure alone. Indeed the rollout of 5G – nominally a wireless network - is predicated on their being a flourishing orbital comms and complementary optical fibre industry.
That said, while satellite operator revenues will ramp up in terms of telco- and data-driven traffic, direct to home broadcasts (DTH) will erode. At the same time, video will be the main driver behind the growth in mobile data traffic, forecast by Ericsson to grow by around 35% annually through 2024. Satellite may carry less video DTH in future as video goes to mobile devices, but it will be essential for backhaul.
Based on the latest market projections by analysts Euroconsult wholesale capacity revenues from telecom applications will surpass video applications by 2021. The growth is largely supported by the influx of low-cost capacity from new Video High Throughput Satellite (V-HTS) systems and non-geostationary satellite orbit broadband in the coming years. As a result, total capacity supply is projected to grow eight-fold from 1.3 Tbps in 2017 to nearly 10 Tbps by 2022.
"In the short term, the impact on legacy services and the related pressure on the economic performance of operators could be unfortunately described as a necessary pain, and is certainly no different from the cycles observed in other industries navigating a breakthrough innovation period,” said Pacôme Révillon, CEO of Euroconsult.
The growth acceleration in HTS capacity demand confirms Euroconsult’s view of the market shift from regular video transmission to these high-throughput satellites, which with their increasingly sophisticated and all-digital satellites, and the planet’s increasing demand for telecom-type applications will drive usage ever higher.
HTS capacity leased increased to around 594 Gb/s in 2017, a new high, and a clear acceleration (+36%, year-on-year) in take-up across all telecom verticals. HTS capacity growth was driven by several factors, including increasing capacity usage for consumer broadband and backhaul as new system launches facilitated growth across multiple global regions. In addition, a number of operators succeeded in leasing entire payloads, which resulted in a stepped increase of the initial growth phase in certain markets.
Data network in the sky
According to US-based LeoSat Enterprises, the need to move large quantities of data quickly and securely around the world is fast outpacing the infrastructure in place to carry it. Existing networks are already carrying more than 1 Zeta Byte of traffic globally and this is set to grow exponentially.
That’s the context for its launch of a new ‘data network in the sky’ (for the US market) comprised of a constellation of up to 108 low-earth-orbit (LEO) communications satellites.
It is targeting sectors such as enterprise-to-enterprise communications, telecommunications, oil and gas operations and maritime services, delivering premise-to-premise data at greater than 1 Gbps to any location in the world. 
The company envisages its satellites providing primary 4G and 5G satellite backhaul connectivity for cellular operators. 
Operating in polar orbits at an altitude five times closer to the Earth than medium earth orbit satellites and 25 times closer than geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, LeoSat says it will be able to provide enterprise-grade, highly secure data transmissions with up to 1.2 Gbps of connectivity per link (and 5.2 Gbps where needed), along with a latency of less than 20 ms.
“These high-throughput satellites will form a mesh network interconnected through inter-satellite laser links, creating an optical backbone that is approximately 1.5 times faster than terrestrial fibre networks,” it claims.
Satellite and 5G
In Europe an EC-funded project, SaT5G consortium, has brought together stakeholders from the global satcom industry, with mobile operators and research centres focused on identifying opportunities for collaboration between terrestrial and satellite operators in the 5G. 
SES for example, along with VT iDirect, Broadpeak, i2CAT and the University of Surrey, demonstrated a proof-of-concept earlier this year for the integration of satellite with a terrestrial 5G network. In the demo, SES powers the space segment with its existing ASTRA 2F geostationary satellite system, and provides an end-to-end managed service between the remote and the test bed. 
This is just one milestone in a much larger, multi-year project intended to develop a cost-effective ‘plug-and-play’ satcom solution for 5G;
Over the next few years, the SaT5G intends to demonstrate use cases such as Edge delivery and offload for multimedia content “to optimise the operation and dimensioning of the 5G network infrastructure”; and 5G fixed backhaul to provide 5G services, particularly in suburban and rural areas and emerging markets.
Backhaul refers to the transfer of vast quantities of traffic onto satellite for ease of onward distribution. Telcos are already shifting some of their traffic onto satellite in order to cope with the explosive growth in demand from 2G to 3G, 4G and in readiness for 5G.
Satellite can also play a role, it is argued, in rolling out 5G to rural areas of developed countries via hybrid broadband connections and providing mobile backhaul to support 5G services on vessels, aircraft and trains.
Satellite and fibre
Satellite operators also argue that too often, satellite and fibre are considered competitive approaches.
Fibre is certainly considered to be the most economical method for delivering large amounts of bandwidth.
“It’s the ideal solution for so many scenarios – but not all,” contests John McCann, director customer enablement at SES. “That’s because fibre is highly susceptible to breakage, which is not an uncommon phenomenon. Outages and performance degradations can be a problem as well. This is why it’s ideal for companies to diversify their bandwidth – using the source that is most cost-effective and best suited for their needs in the moment.”
He continues, “Uninterrupted business operations are now an expectation, not a luxury. But the innovation, productivity and efficiency enabled by the cloud is meaningless without access to a fast, reliable connection – not just sometimes, but every single time it’s needed. Which means diversifying connections to the cloud using both fibre and satellite has become more critical today than ever.”
SES can point to its O3b Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) constellation for delivery of gigabits of capacity with very low latency; “it provides a fibre-like experience for cloud connectivity – anywhere,” adds MCann.
When it comes to video, satellite operators also point out that in mature markets around 15% of TV households will remain best served by a combination of satellite and other delivery infrastructure, a figure rising to 85% in regions like the Middle East.
Hybrid satellite OTT
To deliver interactive multi-screen offers which broadcasters need to survive, the traditional satellite broadcast is being teamed with OTT streaming through hybrid platforms.
One such is CIRRUS, a hybrid satellite-OTT delivery solution launched by Eutelsat a few months ago.
Gerry O’Sullivan, executive VP, global TV and video, Eutelsat, explains, the rationale.
“You can’t underestimate the burden to broadcasters of building and maintaining a OTT platform. The sheer number of devices and updates is a real distraction. We are offering a turnkey end-to-end solution that takes the burden away from broadcasters, allows them to focus on their core content business, and demonstrates a roadmap for innovation. It means that those who were disenfranchised previously can for the first time launch OTT.”
Through its dual offer of turnkey DTH services and OTT multiscreen delivery, this new service is a further step for Eutelsat in the integration of satellite into the IP ecosystem.
Technical partners in the project include Irdeto (CA), Nagra (unified back-end) and CDN CenturyLink.
Latency is said to be 5 seconds, similar to competing OTT services. “OTT providers and sports rights holder have experienced major issues with latency in recent time,” said O’Sullivan. “The only way of viewing high quality video is satellite. We are offering a cost-effective path for DTH broadcasters to address their customer demand for OTT with a seamless user experience.”
Globecast has had terrestrial and OTT services for several years. The latest incarnation is dubbed GCXN which offers a “carrier grade” transport service for video over IP. It hooks into Globecast’s managed fibre footprint, Globecast Backbone Network (GCBN).
Euronews, the most-watched international news channel in Europe, is a client Globecast is supplying an end-to-end transport solution using its GCXN and GCBN connectivity which lowers the cost for Euronews of its channel carriage.
Content is transported from Euronews’ media facility in Lyon to a facility in Paris. From there, the channels are being delivered via the GCXN service to 60 affiliate operators worldwide.
Globecast also offers a ‘TV Everywhere’ fully managed, OTT streaming service which links with its video head-end satellite service.
Sidebar: The bigger picture from Arqiva
Network infrastructure provider Arqiva is mulling the future of some of its sites in the UK, the U.S and Singapore as part of a review of its satellite and media business unit.
“Satellite should no longer be seen as a discrete technology, competing against other contribution and distribution technologies,” explains Nick Moreno, Director of Strategy, Satellite & Media. “This is particularly true when looking at the potential of 5G, whatever forms and business models it takes in the future.
 “What is certain is that 5G needs to work across both terrestrial and satellite technologies, so that the solution to the consumer or business customer is a unified network that offers frictionless connectivity. In practice this means steering traffic between terrestrial and satellite on a dynamic basis, depending on the specific application, bandwidth, latency etc.
 “The key value-add service here is the orchestration layer, which will need to use Software Defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization in order to functionalise traffic steering between different technologies in a unified network.
 “It has to be said that many satellite companies are terrific when it comes to traditional video and data distribution over their existing networks – but are somewhat conservative when it comes to innovation and building new commercial models that combine terrestrial and satellite technologies. As data demands increase and customers look for technology-agnostic, seamless services, those conservative satellite companies will need to change their approach if they want to avoid being left out of unified network solutions.”


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