Wednesday, 14 November 2018

Robotic Camera Systems


InBroadcast

Camera robots can empower the cameraman, motion control operator and photography director to get the camera exactly where it needs to be for unique tight choreographed camera angles


Broadcasters increasingly rely on robotic camera systems to drive operational efficiencies through automation. While automated camera moves have been used in news studios for many years, in highly choreographed productions where consistency of product is key, robotic cameras moves have become integral to overall workflow automation.
With the rise in quality of small format cameras, advancing motor technology and motion control software, together with new levels of product design aesthetics, robotic camera positions are bringing a level of motion usually associated with manually controlled fluid heads and in positions that add further value to productions. Such advances are allowing robotic cameras moves to be cut live to air (rather than just replays) and, through a wider range of payload and mounting options, opens the possibility of more camera positions without compromise to venue audience space.
Key buying criteria include speed, smoothness, payload capacity, safety, and reliability. Live productions have the added challenge to make cameras as invisible as possible to the live audience.
“Another area of growth for robotic cameras has been the rise of remote productions,” says Mark Roberts Motion Control CEO Assaff Rawner. “With the increasing availability of stable high-bandwidth networks, the control of camera robotics over IP is an attractive proposition to lower production costs and minimise travel.”
MRMoCo has standardized on IP control for all of its robotic range with built-in features such as network diagnostics, IP video encoding at the camera head and localised user client applications for full feature remote control.
Automating camera motion in sports can be achieved by using machine vision to analyse ball and player positions in real-time, feed those positions to the robotic cameras and automate the camera motion. Advanced algorithms working in real-time are used to frame the shots in a fluid and highly adaptive way to provide this level of automation. MRMoCo’s Polycam Player, for example, provides automation for certain camera positions in football using robotics.
“Integrating robotics in existing workflows allows for the best of both world – great storytelling and emotive shots from manned camera positions and consistency of coverage, space saving and unique angles from automated cameras,” says Rawner. “However, within any automated live event camera workflow their needs to be, in our experience, a level of a human intervention that is seamless to the operation.”
Telemetrics designs robotics products and remotely controlled systems for broadcasters to get the most out of the available studio space. Small studios get that ‘big’ look with a single operator and automation technology such as the RCCP-1A STS Control Panel which includes software that locks cameras onto the talent and automatically trims the shot and the PT-LP-S5 – pan tilt head system which enables multiple cameras to be quickly configured as pan, tilt and pedestal parameters are accessed via buttons on the camera base (thus eliminating the need for a dedicated control panel). In addition, LED indicators provide real-time warning if the load is out of balance.
Twenty years ago, when Mo-Sys introduced the industry’s first automatic, real-time optical camera tracking system, it was working with active LEDs and a fluorescent optical amplifier for a sensor. The latest versions of StarTracker works with low-cost reflective stickers on the ceiling for tracking while software provides enhanced smoothness, larger tilt capability, faster recovery, IP data output and a networked user interface.
It argues that competitive systems are triple the cost and employ several high-cost infrared cameras, while StarTracker uses a single optical sensor on one navigation camera and retro-reflective stickers that are peeled from a roll and placed as a ‘constellation’ on the studio ceiling. LED light reflected by the ‘stars’ is detected by the navigation camera. The camera transmits the location data to the graphics engine which produces the virtual environment. Initial set-up can be achieved in hours, after which no further calibration is required. It works equally well mounted on pedestals, cranes, jibs or for use with handheld cameras.
Ross Video offers a wide range of robotic camera systems including track-based dollies, free-roaming pedestals, and standalone pan & tilt solutions.  Furio Live, for example, has the capacity to support full-sized cameras and teleprompters (unlike most jibs or other specialty camera systems) giving it the flexibility to deliver beauty shots, while also serving as the primary production camera. All Ross studio robotic solutions communicate natively over IP, making its robots easy to implement and manage, simplifying installation into new and existing studios.
Shotoku’s TR-XT is a camera control system which can store a virtually unlimited number of shots since they are held on the hard drive of a computer at the heart of each system. Shots are stored with a thumbnail image, captured (in SD/HD-SDI) and may be displayed in small, medium or large format depending on the operator preference. Shots may be displayed in a random mode (any grid position for any camera shot) or column mode (shots from a camera arranged vertically below the relevant camera selection button). Our unique single camera mode enables live video of the selected camera to be broadcast on the touch screen, along with all stored shots for the camera.
As on all Shotoku control panels a three-axis joystick enables smooth control of PTZ axis at with Pan and Tilt response speeds automatically compensated according to the zoom angle such that even on very narrow angle shots head movement is smooth and under close control.
The TR-T connects to all Shotoku camera systems via Ethernet network connection, and to third party devices either by serial, or Digiport protocol convertors.  Paired with the firm’s automation software users can control the system from an external third-party computer, managing everything from lights, cameras, graphics, and video rendering.
Shotoku also offers the SmartPed Robotic Pedestal, a fully robotic XY pedestal, for on-air environments; the SmartRail which supports floor or ceiling operation and can optionally provide tracking data for AR/VR graphics applications; and the Free-d2 Absolute Tracking System which uses simple ceiling markers and video processing algorithms to determine the exact position and orientation of the studio camera.
Already claiming the world’s fastest robotic camera system in Bolt, MRMoCo debuted a junior version earlier this year. The Bolt JR rig is a compact 6-axes camera robot arm developed for film studios, photographic studios, and table-top work where studio space and budget are a key criterion.
Available in pedestal and on-track versions, the Bolt JR cinebot has an arm reach of 1.2 metres and can move high-speed on-track at over 3m per second with a camera payload up to 12kg. The firm’s Flair software offers a variety of automated functions and precision repeat functions and Bolt JR can also automate lighting, trigger synchronised SFX timecodes, rig movement or model movement.
PTZ systems have entirely replaced a manual operator in many situations such as news reporting or interview spaces, where automation allows for a consistent product day-in, day-out. The new range of three chip sensor PTZs offer many of the same features as broadcast cameras, with a lower price point and with robotic movement built in, creates the opportunity for a lower cost studio production.
Panasonic for example has partnered with Tecnopoint and Movicom to create robotic systems, new protocols and tracking systems for easier studio integration. Put that togetjer with a PTZ like its new AW-UE150, which offers 4K 60p capture and fresh possibilities open up - though it does cost €11,000.
It has also partnered with AREPLUS to link Pana PTZ cameras to motion control robotic camera systems like the UR10 for broadcast applications.  Panasonic’s entire remote camera line-up can be controlled via AW-RP50 controller that includes a joystick and additional operating enhancements. Both controllers allow up to five remote cameras to be controlled via serial, and up to 100 cameras via a switching hub. On top of this, Panasonic now offer full integration support of NewTek’s video over IP protocol NDI Version 3, allowing users to connect Panasonic cameras directly into a NDI network.
Sony’s first 4K PTZ is the BRC-X1000 for remote capture of broadcast quality images. Sony describes the large Exmor R CMOS sensor creating “beautiful 'bokeh' effects with a shallow depth of field to suit any artistic intention.”
“When integrated with control systems that support not only joystick control, but also named and saved presets, motion presets, dynamic and programmable auto-zoom and other sophisticated features, PTZ cameras can perform as well as many human operators,” claims Rushworks president Rush Beesley.
A number of facilities create one central control station for camera operation. For instance, using AJA RovoControl software, one person can control multiple RovoCams through an easy to operate GUI on a single PC. AJA’s $2500 RovoCam offers a Sony UltraHD sensor that gives users the ability to extract an HD raster from source and even explore pans and tilts from a stationary camera as you scan the original UltraHD raster.  
Mobile Viewpoint’s NewsPilot uses Artificial Intelligence and either PTZs or fixed lens to automate the low-cost delivery of content from remote locations. It consists of three PTZ cameras and the firm’s Automated Studio control box. It also includes CameraLink, a robotic arm which can move a 3kg PTZ camera much like a traditional dolly arrangement, offering the same camera control normally associated with high quality news productions.
VR and camera-op robots
VR filmmakers and video production crews face the unique challenge of needing to hide the crew and equipment in a location away from the set. Traditional camera dolly systems often require human operators and tracks. A solution to this has been devised at Double Robotics. Claimed as the world's first robotic camera dolly made for 360 filmmakers, the Universal 360 Camera Mount attaches to the Double base using an industry standard ¼”-20 bolt. An iPhone is secured in the mount and the camera operator can drive Double wirelessly from behind the scenes via LTE/4G, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth. A package costing $3,000 gets you the Double 2, Universal 360 Camera Mount, and a Travel Case. Its primarily aimed at education and telemedicine users but why not media and entertainment?

Soloshot has an automated system that lets you film yourself as you move through a scene, - no human camera operator required. Its functionality is pretty straight-forward: you wear a wireless transmitter and the Base unit automatically pans, tilts, and sends zoom commands to the camera to keep you in the shot at up to 2,000 feet away. 
 With a load capacity of less than 1.5 lb, the Soloshot3 isn’t really meant for use with DSLRs or camcorders but, rather, for use with the Optic25 and Optic65 cameras, which are custom designed for use with Soloshot Bases. These interchangeable cameras are lightweight, attach directly to the Base, and provide automatic zoom and focus tracking. The Optic65 features a massive 65x optical zoom range and records up to 4K video at 30 fps and 1080p video up to 120 fps.  The system also features built-in automated editing software and Wi-Fi to connect to a mobile app.




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