Monday, 5 February 2018

Why content rules the world


Broadcast

With the likes of Facebook and Apple joining the fray, the battle for the best sport, drama and entertainment is intensifying.
The mantra ‘content is king’ has always sounded glib, but arguably has never been more apt. The battle between broadcasters, pay-TV operators and OTT streaming platforms is revolving around three pillars of premium content: live entertainment, live sport and serial drama.
So much so that Guy Bisson, research director at Ampere Analysis, is prepared to declare “content is god”.
“The TV business has worked on an incredibly geographic basis; every deal was done for one territory and often for one form of distribution,” he says. “All of that is breaking down with the global rollout of platforms and the need to control global or pan-regional rights.”
VoD has been the driving force behind TV’s transformation over the past decade. Analyst Ovum asserts that “few trends will be bigger in 2018 than the transformation of TV and video by OTT technology and services”.
The first question for content players is how to strike the right balance between on-demand and live.
“Legacy broadcasters used to rely exclusively on live (including scheduled programming) and have moved into VoD by launching catch-up and other services,” notes Strategy Analytics vice-president David Mercer.
“Netflix and Amazon and started out in VoD and are now adding, or thinking of adding, live, including live sport and/or scheduled programming. Everyone is now on everyone else’s turf.”
Last week, for example, Facebook told Broadcast it wanted scheduled “appointment to view” formats rather than “bingeable” box sets.
Two programming events that seem to reflect the changing balance of power are the migration of the Top Gear presenters to Amazon for The Grand Tour and Netflix scooping the rights to Left Bank’s The Crown.
Pledging to spend 25% more on original programming in 2018, Sky managing director of content Gary Davey admits: “There’s never been a more competitive time to be in the content business.”
Or more expensive, he might have added. According to figures from analyst IHS Markit, Sky spent £280 per subscriber (including sports) in 2016, compared with Amazon’s £130 and Netflix’s £32.
This equates to £4.7bn, £2.6bn and £3.5bn total programming budgets respectively – figures that already look small compared with the latest commitments.
Netflix will spend £5.6bn on scripted originals this year – a figure that Ampere suggests makes it “comparable to a premium channel group or platform”.
Amazon – which is paying £175m for global rights to a Lord Of The Rings series – is forecast to spend more than £3.3bn. Hulu, the first SVoD platform to win a best drama Emmy (for The Handmaid’s Tale), will spend £1.75bn on its scripted slate.
IHS Markit data suggests that Amazon is spending close to 140% of its total video revenue on content, compared with around 60% at both Sky and Netflix. This has been interpreted as Amazon betting on a fast subscriber ramp-up or being ready to use content as bait to drive non-video revenues.
Either way, the near- to mid-term picture is one where the best content is going to be spread among more places. “Few operators have the scale to succeed in developing original content,” says Mercer.
“Even after 30 years, Sky still struggles to develop shows that attract the highest ratings. Netflix and Amazon have demonstrated that a few high-profile shows can drive subscriber numbers.”
While Sky has ceded some sports rights (mainly to BT) and is investing heavily in original drama, BT is differentiating itself as an “agnostic super-aggregator”, says Bisson.
With Netflix on board since 2014, the recent deal with Sky also gives BT customers access to Sky Atlantic and Now TV “without giving preference to own-brand”.
Liberty Global, which spent nearly £165 on content per subscriber in 2016, is “accumulating a next-generation content distribution platform”, says Bisson.
It has acquired global rights to Formula 1 and stakes in Lionsgate and ITV; it has a long-term pact with Discovery to carry Eurosport; and it is upping its original commissions, including those via All3Media, for carriage on operators including Virgin Media.
“There is certainly a greater trend for pay-TV operators to invest directly in channels, programming rights and production companies, because the risk of losing their customers to OTT competition has increased,” says IHS Technology principal TV analyst Tim Westcott.
Exclusive sports rights have historically been used to drive subscription services and they remain important to pay-TV, although to sustain growth, operators have to compete on as many fronts as possible.
“If they can’t compete for premium sports, wholesaling [allowing another pay-TV provider to redistribute its channels] is the next best option,” says Mercer.
“Second- and third-tier sports are also an option, but will never drive the same subscriber levels as properties like the Premier League and Champions League.”
Ampere research has identified a large and affluent group of sports fans who can, and do, pay a significant premium to watch their favourite teams and competitions. For example, 18% of BT subscribers cite sport as a motivation for choosing the service.
While the figures for Sky are less polarised – due to its wider content offering – there is still a marked preference for the channel among sports viewers, according to Ampere.
Monetising sports
“With sports fans so overwhelmingly eager to pay to access their favourite competitions, there is tremendous scope to further monetise sports on TV,” says Ampere analyst Alexios Dimitropoulos.
“The challenge will be to balance the enthusiasm for niche competitions, particularly evident among younger viewers, with the demand for big-ticket events such as the Champions League.
”Online services have a chance to maximise this demand, with an expanded offering of sports events, and that’s why we’re seeing Facebook, Amazon and Twitter make their first forays into this space.”
Amazon is believed to be keen to acquire rights to the Premier League to differentiate itself from Netflix and stimulate uptake of its overall Amazon Prime offer in the UK. If Amazon wants to make money from advertising as well as subscription income, owning premium sports is a good way to help achieve that.
Facebook’s revenues are largely built on advertising, but live sport is considered a “natural add-on” to growing its long-form VoD offer Watch, and the social conversation about sports, teams and stars that goes on around events, says Westcott.
“It’s also overwhelmingly a mobile-first platform. These factors are defining the investments it’s making in sport.”
Mercer suggests that, even with the resources of these digital giants, it would be a huge leap to compete directly with Sky and BT for English or European football. “It seems more likely that they would bid for one of the smaller packages than try to oust the incumbents completely,” he adds.
Priced out of the market (the BBC’s content budget is stagnant at £1.7bn), PSBs and commercial broadcasters “have largely given up on major live sports”, says Mercer.
Instead they focus on highlights and minor sports, as well as listed events like the Olympics and World Cup football – a situation unlikely to change, given the growing power of subscription-based players.
Yet the valuable exposure and reach that broadcasters offer is still attractive to leagues and federations: the English Cricket Board’s decision to return a portion of Test coverage to the BBC from 2020 is one example; the BBC’s move to stream an extra 1,000 hours per year of mostly niche sports is another.
“We could see some live sports adopting a mixed free TV/paid online approach,” says Westcott.
Broadcasters, it should be remembered, continue to dominate viewing share, albeit with output that tends to be pre-determined by their licence obligations.
That means UK PSBs continue to place a lot of emphasis on origination, with live entertainment or live linear events like Strictly Come Dancing and Love Island their biggest draw.
“The way viewers engage with the platform makes national mass-audience broadcasters well suited to live entertainment,” says Bisson. “A show like The X Factor would work less well on-demand. Equally, a global on-demand platform is less interested in content that only works for a specific national audience.”
Into the mix comes Apple with a $1bn (£720m) content budget as it preps a new video service. The exact nature of the service remains unclear, with some doubts that the content will ever be more than a means of boosting Apple Music subs and hardware sales.
A recent article in The Guardian speculated that Apple is exploring “experimental, tech-driven delivery” (like Steven Soderbergh’s app-based Mosaic) and opportunities to drive Apple’s push into augmented reality via iPhones.
“Consumers do not want content,” argues William Cooper, chief executive of consultancy Informitv. “They want to be entertained, and they want that to be an effortless experience. It is the ability to build habit around behaviour that creates real value.”
More major companies are investing heavily in content, but not necessarily because they primarily want to be content companies.
As Mercer summarises: “Content is being used as a means to drive customers and users for other services.”


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