Thursday, 14 May 2015

The year’s best archive docs

Broadcast 

Ahead of next week’s ceremony announcing the winners of the 2015 Focal International Awards, Broadcast casts an eye over the films nominated in the main categories. 


The 12th Focal International Awards, in association with AP Archive, celebrates achievement in the use of stock and archival footage. This year, the awards attracted 265 submissions from 24 countries. A panel of 50 jurors then whittled the long list down to three for each of 17 categories. These are the films competing in six key categories.

CURRENT AFFAIRS

Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait
Producer: Les Films d’Ici/ Pro Action Films
Archive: User-generated
One of a growing number of overseas entries, this French-Syrian co-production, composed mainly of eye-witness footage uploaded to social media, really stood out.
“YouTube and user-generated footage from mobile phones is the new source of archive,” says juror Wayne Lovell, clip sales executive at Fremantle Media Archive. “The images are compelling and harrowing but treated with sensitivity and used almost like a conversation between two people – one in the West and the other in Syria – filming and uploading videos of incidents we would otherwise not see.”

Paisley: A Life
Producer: BBC Northern Ireland
Archives: BBC; ITN Source/UTV; RTÉ; AP Archive; Fremantle Media Archive
Paisley: A Life was a “captivating and comprehensive insight” into the life and times of the controversial preacher-turned-first minister of Northern Ireland, says Lovell. BBC Northern Ireland has “used lots of footage you would expect to see, combined with many new sources that reveal a more rounded and human side” to the caricature of the vocal politician, including cine-film of his wedding.

This World: Terror At The Mall
Producer: Amos Pictures for BBC
Archives: CCTV; Red Cross; amateur footage
This World: Terror At The Mall documents the 2013 assault on Nairobi’s Westgate Mall from every angle. A thousand hours of security camera footage, together with stills photographs captured in 12fps bursts by a photojournalist, Red Cross material shot on a DSLR and bystander footage shot on an iPhone form the visual and narrative base of the doc.
The creative, logistic and technical challenges were enormous, explains producer/director Dan Reed: “There was only a very basic map of the Mall, so we forensically studied the CCTV footage, painstakingly constructing a useable map. From this we were able to start identifying the different contributors in the footage.”
Lovell says: “The way it was cut reminded me of watching 9/11 develop in real-time TV.”

FACTUAL

Alfred And Jakobine
Producer: Start In Morocco Films
Archive: Home-movie footage
This touching romance between 1955 newlyweds Alfred and Jakobine is illustrated with home-movie footage of their epic round-the-world trip in a London taxi.
The biggest technical challenge was getting a good telecine print from the original films without destroying them.
“The film had been sitting in cans for decades,” explains producer Rob Fletcher. “We couldn’t be sure what the quality of the print was like, and we had no idea of the pictorial content. We telecined the film very early on in the process in the US – not at great quality but good enough for us to understand the content and the film’s fragile state.
“The next telecine was intended to be the last, so we spent all we could muster at Deluxe Media. The film was visibly degrading every time the spools were run, so we were very happy that we had the best print we could before the films became unusable.”

American Experience: Last Days In Vietnam
Producers: Moxie Firecracker Films; WGBH Educational Foundation
Archives: T3 Media; NBC Universal; ABC News; Sonuma; ITN Source
A rich archive underscores American Experience: Last Days In Vietnam, from US producers Moxie Firecracker Films and WGBH Educational Foundation. In particular, the documentary reveals how a number of diplomats and military operatives engaged in unsanctioned, and often makeshift, operations in a desperate bid to save as many South Vietnamese lives as possible.

Night Will Fall
Producers: Spring Films; Angel TV; Cinephil
Archives: Imperial War Museum; ITN Source; Footage Farm; Getty Images; British Pathé
German Concentration Camps Factual Survey is the official British documentary on the holocaust made by Sidney Bernstein, Richard Crossman and Alfred Hitchcock, restored for cinema release by the Imperial War Museum. Night Will Fall is the story of that remarkable production and features footage from Bridgeman Footage’s Buff Films collection, including a rare interview with cameraman Mike Lewis, who filmed the liberation.
“The footage is harrowing and there were important questions about how to contextualise that without falling into a pornography of violence,” says producer Sally Angel. “We had to be respectful of the source material and remove ourselves as much as possible.”
Newsreels from British, Russian and American troops were pooled in 1945, some of it staged several days after the camp’s liberation, but Angel used the device of a film running through a camera to highlight Bernstein’s carefully composed and unstaged footage.

ARTS
Darcey’s Ballerina Heroines
Producer: Leopard Films for BBC2
Archives: Getty Images/BBC Motion Gallery; Royal Opera House; PBS Great Performances; Mosfilm; BFI
For this BBC2 documentary, prima ballerina Darcey Bussell presents an authoritative history of the best ballets and finest performers from 18th century France to 1950s America.
Collections including Royal Opera House and Mosfilm “were essential in showing what made these women so extraordinary”, observes producer Fiona Morris. “We asked former Soviet archives to let us have material, which was tricky, as was understanding what material was entirely owned by the archive licensing the footage and which elements had more complex underlying rights to be considered. For example, set designers and directors of the original ballets featured in the clips.”

Natan
Producer: Screenworks
Archives: Private collection Mme l’Herbier; Pathé (France); GPA; INA; Lobster Films
This documentary has helped rehabilitate forgotten and tragic cinema pioneer Bernard Natan. The Romanian Jew made his name in France as owner of Pathé in the 1920s and played a key role in the development of cinemascope and television before he was controversially disgraced and imprisoned, later dying in Auschwitz.
“With a project revolving around cinema, you clearly have a strong archive, but researcher Christine Leteux helped us uncover a number of films from private collections and newsreels, including an experimental 360-degree shot that Natan made of his head, which we used prominently,” explains producer Paul Duane.

Regarding Susan Sontag
Producer: Question Why Films
Archives: National Archives and Records Administration; Getty Images/BBC Motion Gallery; Library of Congress; T3 Media; Oddball Film and Video
US producer Question Why Films’ documentary draws on footage and stills from 130 archives. Innovative use of footage includes “projecting archival materials through water, onto surfaces and letters, and combining and layering them in collage sequences to convey a greater sense of the inner life of its central character,” explains producer/ director Nancy Kates.

SPORT

An Ordinary Hero
Producer: BT Sport Films
Archives: BP Video Library; Brunswick Films; Duke Video; Fremantle Media; The Hailwood Estate
Archive was vital in bringing to life the colourful story of motorcycle legend Mike Hailwood, but interviews and race footage show only one side of the man.
“In building trust with family and friends, we began to get access to some extraordinary colour home-movie material that showed Hailwood’s demeanour as markedly different from how he was presented by mainstream media,” says producer/director Jon Carey.
Road

Producer: DoubleBand Films
Archives: BBC Northern Ireland; Ulster TV; DoubleBand Films
Using archive from broadcasts and home movies to tell the tragic back-story of the road-racing Dunlop brothers, feature documentary Road has enjoyed extensive international distribution. “Key to this success is our use of archive,” says Dermot Lavery, codirector and producer for DoubleBand Films. “The footage had to do more than just illustrate past events. It had to help deliver and sustain the emotional narrative at the heart of the film. Throughout the edit, we worked hard to make sure it worked on both levels.”

Slaying The Badger
Producer: Passion Pictures
Archives: INA; ASO; Cor Vos; Offside/L’Equipe; ESPN
With Lance Armstrong’s reputation in the dust, the only official US winner of the Tour de France is Greg LeMond, in 1986. Passion Pictures’ Slaying The Badger assembles archive to reveal the friendship and rivalry of LeMond and French teammate Bernard Hinault (aka The Badger).
“This production exceeded my expectations by using rarely seen, difficult-to-find footage in an attractive way,” says juror Massimo Moretti, library commercial development manager at StudioCanal.

WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HISTORY

Animal Fight Club (series two)
Producer: Arrow Media for Nat Geo Wild
Archives: Getty Images/BBC Motion Gallery; National Geographic Creative; Framepool; Nature Footage/Footage Search; Richard Smedley
For juror Ben Jones, head of motion at Science Photo Library, each natural history nominee illustrates different uses of archive: “One presents a technical editing challenge, one uses historical archive and another uses existing material to create an entirely new programme.”
Animal Fight Club uses freezeframe, close-up zooms, CGI, slow-motion replay and pop-up infographics to recreate and examine the battles of creatures such as warthogs and hippos.
“With excellently researched material from multiple sources, the show is almost 100% archive, with creative construction and punchy scripting and music,” says Carol O’Callaghan, co-ordinator of Focal’s wildlife preliminary jury.

ORBI: The Magic Of Yellowstone
Producer: BBC Earth Productions
Archive: BBC
This project was designed specifically for ORBI, a Japanese attraction built by Sega, the centrepiece of which is a curved screen displaying 6K to 12K images at 40m x 8m in a 5:1 aspect ratio with 22.2 channel audio. Apart from some hi-res timelapse material, it is composed entirely of HD archive footage.
“Trying to fill this enormous screen with images that were not big enough required new technical and creative techniques,” says producer/ director Ben Roy. “You can’t just blow the images up or you lose resolution, so we had to composite images to fill the space.”
It also required new grammar: with a screen of this scale, the audience needs to be directed from left to right via audio and visual clues. “We called it the ‘Wimbledon effect’,” says Roy.

The Pristine Coast
Producer: Juggernaut Pictures
Archives: Film-makers Dick Harvey and Twyla Roscovich; Canadian Broadcasting Corporation; The Fisherman News
Producer/director and chief researcher Scott Renyard took four and a half years to complete The Pristine Coast, much of it spent uncovering the troubled marine ecosystem off the coast of British Columbia.
“I used archive to verify actual events or to disprove notions put forward by proponents of opennet fish farming,” he says. “Fish farmers have claimed, for example, that wild fish do not go in the pens. Footage I obtained from film-maker Dick Harvey showed that this is not true.”
He adds: “The archive material shaped the scope of the issue and supported the claims made by some of my interview subjects. It was invaluable in turning a small story about the impact of fish farming on wild salmon into a story with global implications.”
O’Callaghan says: “This hard-hitting, campaigning film may not have production values as high as the other two, but it demonstrates the availability of reasonable quality ‘amateur’ library footage.”

NON-TELEVISION PLATFORMS

Go Or No Go – The Challenger Legacy
Producers: Mirror Mirror Productions; Retro Report
Archives: Home movie of the 1986 Challenger disaster footage provided courtesy of Jeffrey D. Ault, Nasa; AP Archive; Bettmann/Corbis; Getty Images
The Space Shuttle Challenger launched on 28 January 1986 only to break apart 73 seconds later, killing all seven astronauts on board. Retro Report and Mirror Mirror Productions revisit the tragedy through interviews with key participants for the website Go or No Go – The Challenger Legacy.
“By interspersing Nasa’s blunt and technical launch footage with a recently discovered amateur Super 8 film, I tried to recapture the hope and disbelief I remembered when I watched the launch in my elementary school classroom,” says producer/editor Bret Sigler. “The amateur film offered some of the only known footage not shot by Nasa, and allowed me to include witnesses’ real-time audio gasps, which were echoed by us all.”

Soul Boys Of The Western World
Producers: Wellingmax Films
Archives Getty Images/BBC Motion Gallery; ITN Source/ NEFA; home movies from band, family and friends; MTV; Sunset + Vine
This feature-length biopic of 1980s pop group Spandau Ballet was told exclusively through rushes, outtakes, backstage, private and unseen material. (It has also picked up a nomination in Focal’s Music Production category.)
“Complex third-party rights, footage in every format and a limited budget were the chief challenges,” says co-producer Scott Millaney.
Among the unearthed pieces was a New York concert. “The owner was not interested in our request and not inclined to search for it,” he recalls. “It took great diplomacy to engage his participation, which fortunately resulted in the discovery of a one-hour concert that had been recorded but never played back.”

The First World War: Life On The Home Front In North West England
Producers: Artnoire Creative Services for North West Film
Archive: at Manchester Metropolitan University Archives North West Film Archive; BFI National Archive/ Harris Museum, Preston
The North West Film Archive (NWFA) marked the centenary of WWI by making its collection of footage of life on the home front available on DVD.

Writer/director Alison Tarpey- Black’s challenge lay in “accepting that the archive should drive the content, and in creating a cohesive and chronological narrative that linked together the disparate material,” says Marion Hewitt, service manager and public engagement fellow, NWFA. “The film had to be allowed to tell its own story, which is not necessarily always the whole story.”

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